Watt meter is designed with a digital method of multiplication that the current burden of reading by reading sensors and flow through the voltage sensor voltage. Besides, the tool also consider the power load factor obtained by looking for difference, or phase shift between current and voltage signals generated by these sensors. So for the signal processing signal there are three parameters that is the signal flow, signal voltage and is the second phase signal is. For the third signal processing is done by using microcontroller AT89S51 the third reading scale through the ADC 0809. Display LCD power is shown through the dot matrix.
Block diagram for the entire series is shown in the picture below:
A wire with electric current to the load ring be missed among a number of wire and toroid email rolled with ring will toroid coil wire in the ring will induce electric current from a wire in cash. With the induction process signals in the wire coil toroid is the current value will be missed for supplay a burden on the end of the wire currents. With this method the flow will be missed on the function legible scale sinusoidal voltage wave shape.
The type of brace that is used in signal processing flow over a non-inverting brace, on the back of a given diode inserted as callper cut the signal under the zero axis and functions as a capacitor voltage DC purification. So that the series of signals conditioner produces DC voltage compatible to the needs ADC voltage.
Voltage Sensor
Voltage sensor is a step-down transformers in general, large transformer is 300mA. Output from the sensor in the form of voltage, sinusoidal wave-shaped.
From voltage transformer to convert the voltage into 220 volt and 3 volt signal directed with full direct waves. Voltage calibration is done by placing a variable resistor 50k so that the resulting voltage can be adjusted, on the other end of the series capacitor installed a filter to produce a pure DC voltage against compatible voltage needed by the ADC.
In conditioner block signal consists of a series of blocks, which aims to create a sinusoidal signal from the sensor output voltage and current signals into a square. The establishment of the signal is done with a square method Zerro Crossing Detector, with the signal it will be a square shape is easier to phase in a series of EX-OR logic.
Over a series of images is a series of conditioner signal output from the two sensors that are used, this produces a series of three main factors used to calculate power, namely: Tension, Flow power factor. Signal generated by a sensor directly before through on series conditioner each signal is taken and on a series of missed zerro Crossing Detector resulting in a square wave. Dioda clamper work to cut the voltage to zero under the axis feed on the EX-OR gate. EX-OR logic difference between the two credit input, and form the phase difference between the current and voltage. The three parameters needed to determine the amount of power is absorbed by the load.
Signals needed by the ADC's third factor is the forming power over voltage DC for that balance is very day phase should be changed to analog voltages.To produce the frequency of the voltage wave converter box is needed to M V, in the design of this series V F to be implemented with the IC 2917. In order to produce a good output voltage, V to M design is supported by external components as shown in Figure 3.4B under this
LM2917 / 2907 is a single IC chip F to V converter or often called a series of static tacho generator designed with minimal external components may be but can produce the optimal output voltage. Tacho generator take a static balance of the frequency of entries through comparator first. Inverting input on comparator first connected with the ground through a series of capacitors and non-inverting input signal waves get input box. With the series that the first comparator this work as a detector crosser zero (zero crossing detector) to compare the square wave at the non-inverting input to the zero volt reference voltage at the inverting input. Comparator output from this first is feed on the charge pump is working to change the frequency of a voltage when the input signal changed circumstances. Tension generated by a series of above formulated with tachogenerator
Vo = VCC IN xf x C1 x R1 x K
Where K LM 2917 constant strengthening of 1 times, while the C2 on the image above functions as a series of improvements riple voltage at the same time improving the response time of change. sedangkan nilai R1 200k dan C1 10nF. 200k while the value of R1 and C1 10nF.
Applications series of ADC 0809
ADC 0809 is a product component modifier analog to digital data with the most complete composition, this is because the ADC 0809 is also equipped with 8 channels multiplekser than 8-bit digital data peubah analog to a compatible port on mikrokontroler. With 8 channels multiplekser this input ADC 0809 can read 8 analog data to be read the input alternately address based channel called by multiplekser. ADC of this type of application are very appropriate in this case mikrokontroller system because the system work every daata ADC conversion process must be driven through the 0809-free digital phone to be more easily controlled if mikrokontroller through. System 0809 series of ADC mikrokontroller in applications such as in the picture below;
In the picture above shows the system of work complement each other from 0809 to the ADC-function port on microcontroller. A number of analog data to be read on Vin1 to connect with Vin8 reading method based on the logic data AD0 to AD2. System of each channel data input on the ADC 0809 is done through the system multiflekser following:
To design a system microcontroller AT89S5x some components needed to make microcontroller becomes a minimum system that is integrated. The components needed in the series sismin is the frequency range of the work mikrokontroller applied to the 12 MHz crystal. And two ceramic 33 PF organized as the pin 18 and 19 above. A system reset active high cycle to start working on any new changes interuksi work mikrokontroller terminal connected to the RST. The no less urgent is the 5 volt power supply voltage to activate the system work over the minimum.
At a minimum system using IC programmable AT89S5X far more practical system with the disappeal of the type of AT 89C5x because the types of applications can be enabled 89S5X system as well as download the program from the serial port without the need to move on sismin new IC will be applied when the program that will run . While using the type 89C5x series down load can not be enabled sismin so as to apply the program, IC microcontroller should be moved into the applicationed special sismin into a series of work.
By using the IC programmable AT89S52 each incoming data from the ADC in the 0809 port 1 will direspon by output port (port 2) to be addressed in the LCD provided. To produce a data displaying on the LCD and the necessary step of the program is determined by flow chart programming work as follows:
Block diagram for the entire series is shown in the picture below:
A wire with electric current to the load ring be missed among a number of wire and toroid email rolled with ring will toroid coil wire in the ring will induce electric current from a wire in cash. With the induction process signals in the wire coil toroid is the current value will be missed for supplay a burden on the end of the wire currents. With this method the flow will be missed on the function legible scale sinusoidal voltage wave shape.
The type of brace that is used in signal processing flow over a non-inverting brace, on the back of a given diode inserted as callper cut the signal under the zero axis and functions as a capacitor voltage DC purification. So that the series of signals conditioner produces DC voltage compatible to the needs ADC voltage.
Voltage Sensor
Voltage sensor is a step-down transformers in general, large transformer is 300mA. Output from the sensor in the form of voltage, sinusoidal wave-shaped.
From voltage transformer to convert the voltage into 220 volt and 3 volt signal directed with full direct waves. Voltage calibration is done by placing a variable resistor 50k so that the resulting voltage can be adjusted, on the other end of the series capacitor installed a filter to produce a pure DC voltage against compatible voltage needed by the ADC.In conditioner block signal consists of a series of blocks, which aims to create a sinusoidal signal from the sensor output voltage and current signals into a square. The establishment of the signal is done with a square method Zerro Crossing Detector, with the signal it will be a square shape is easier to phase in a series of EX-OR logic.
Over a series of images is a series of conditioner signal output from the two sensors that are used, this produces a series of three main factors used to calculate power, namely: Tension, Flow power factor. Signal generated by a sensor directly before through on series conditioner each signal is taken and on a series of missed zerro Crossing Detector resulting in a square wave. Dioda clamper work to cut the voltage to zero under the axis feed on the EX-OR gate. EX-OR logic difference between the two credit input, and form the phase difference between the current and voltage. The three parameters needed to determine the amount of power is absorbed by the load.
Signals needed by the ADC's third factor is the forming power over voltage DC for that balance is very day phase should be changed to analog voltages.To produce the frequency of the voltage wave converter box is needed to M V, in the design of this series V F to be implemented with the IC 2917. In order to produce a good output voltage, V to M design is supported by external components as shown in Figure 3.4B under this
LM2917 / 2907 is a single IC chip F to V converter or often called a series of static tacho generator designed with minimal external components may be but can produce the optimal output voltage. Tacho generator take a static balance of the frequency of entries through comparator first. Inverting input on comparator first connected with the ground through a series of capacitors and non-inverting input signal waves get input box. With the series that the first comparator this work as a detector crosser zero (zero crossing detector) to compare the square wave at the non-inverting input to the zero volt reference voltage at the inverting input. Comparator output from this first is feed on the charge pump is working to change the frequency of a voltage when the input signal changed circumstances. Tension generated by a series of above formulated with tachogenerator
Vo = VCC IN xf x C1 x R1 x K
Where K LM 2917 constant strengthening of 1 times, while the C2 on the image above functions as a series of improvements riple voltage at the same time improving the response time of change. sedangkan nilai R1 200k dan C1 10nF. 200k while the value of R1 and C1 10nF.
Applications series of ADC 0809
ADC 0809 is a product component modifier analog to digital data with the most complete composition, this is because the ADC 0809 is also equipped with 8 channels multiplekser than 8-bit digital data peubah analog to a compatible port on mikrokontroler. With 8 channels multiplekser this input ADC 0809 can read 8 analog data to be read the input alternately address based channel called by multiplekser. ADC of this type of application are very appropriate in this case mikrokontroller system because the system work every daata ADC conversion process must be driven through the 0809-free digital phone to be more easily controlled if mikrokontroller through. System 0809 series of ADC mikrokontroller in applications such as in the picture below;
In the picture above shows the system of work complement each other from 0809 to the ADC-function port on microcontroller. A number of analog data to be read on Vin1 to connect with Vin8 reading method based on the logic data AD0 to AD2. System of each channel data input on the ADC 0809 is done through the system multiflekser following:
To design a system microcontroller AT89S5x some components needed to make microcontroller becomes a minimum system that is integrated. The components needed in the series sismin is the frequency range of the work mikrokontroller applied to the 12 MHz crystal. And two ceramic 33 PF organized as the pin 18 and 19 above. A system reset active high cycle to start working on any new changes interuksi work mikrokontroller terminal connected to the RST. The no less urgent is the 5 volt power supply voltage to activate the system work over the minimum.At a minimum system using IC programmable AT89S5X far more practical system with the disappeal of the type of AT 89C5x because the types of applications can be enabled 89S5X system as well as download the program from the serial port without the need to move on sismin new IC will be applied when the program that will run . While using the type 89C5x series down load can not be enabled sismin so as to apply the program, IC microcontroller should be moved into the applicationed special sismin into a series of work.
By using the IC programmable AT89S52 each incoming data from the ADC in the 0809 port 1 will direspon by output port (port 2) to be addressed in the LCD provided. To produce a data displaying on the LCD and the necessary step of the program is determined by flow chart programming work as follows:
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