Control Cascade Control Systems Design - Tunings

Procedure for Cascade Control Systems Design:Choice of Suitable PID TuningsAbstract: This paper provides an approach for the application of PID controllerswithin a cascade control system configuration. Based on considerations about theexpected operating modes of both controllers, the tuning of both inner and outer loopcontrollers are selected...

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Control Temperature Indicator Circuit

This circuit uses a Dallas DS1621 temperature sensor which indicates the temperature of the device. The temperature sensor has a thermal alarm output, which becomes high when the temperature of the device exceeds a user defined value. This is the figure of the circuit.When the temperature drops below a user defined value, the alarm output...

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Control Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) Circuit Using ATmega8

An analog to digital converter converts an analog input voltage into a digital value. This is a circuit for shows the analog to digital converter. This circuit is using microcontroller ATmega8 for control the operation. This is the figure of the circuit.The resolution of the converter indicates the number of discrete values it can produce....

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Control Light Sensor Circuit Using Programmable Gain Amplifier

This light sensor circuit that is photos sensor is the gap between light and electronics. This circuit is built by op amp and microcontroller PIC16C63 for control the sensor. This circuit is not precision application, but they can be effectively used in position photo sensing applications minus the headaches of amplifier stability. This is...

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Control Air Flow Sensor Circuit Using PIC16C781

This circuit is describes about sensing air flow using microcontroller PIC16C781. In this circuit is using Programmable Switch Mode Controllers (PSMC) that combination between the Integrated Operational Amplifier, Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), and gated timer to construct a thermally operated air flow sensor with minimum external components....

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Schematic Seven Segment Displays of Pressure Monitoring Project

A seven-segment display is an integrated circuit package with seven light emitting diodes (LEDs) in it. The seven segments (LEDs) are arranged in a figure eight and given the standard letter designations a-g as shown in the figure below. The way to remember the letters is that they start at the top, increase clockwise ,and the crossbar is...

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Schematic SN74LS373 Latch with 3-State Outputs and interface with microcontroller

The SN74LS373 consists of eight latches with 3-state outputs for bus organized system applications. The flip-flops appear transparent to the data (data changes asynchronously) when Latch Enable (LE) is HIGH. When LE is LOW, the data that meets the setup times is latched. Data appears on the bus when the Output Enable (OE) is LOW. When OE...

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Control PID Controllers Auto Tuning - Relay Feedback

Relay Feedback Auto Tuning of PID ControllersIntroductionFor a certain class of process plants, the so-called \auto tuning" procedurefor the automatic tuning of PID controllers can be used. Such a procedureis based on the idea of using an on/off controller (called a relay controller)whose dynamic behaviour resembles to that shown in Figure...

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Control SPI Interface Circuit for Big 7 Segment LED

This circuit is uses for the general purpose Big LED with SPI serial interfacing. The circuit is using a serial-in-parallel out shift register, 74HC595 for receiving serial data from microcontroller board. This is the figure of the circuit.For wiring the schematic is SER is for data input, SRCLK is shift clock and RCLK is Latch clock. Each...

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Schematic Use of MICROCONTROLLER in Pressure Monitoring Project

The ATMEL Microcontroller AT89C51 The 89C51 is an 8-bit microprocessor originally designed in the 1980's by Intel that has gained great popularity since its introduction. Its standard form includes several standard on-chip peripherals, including timers, counters, and UART's, plus 4kbytes of on-chip program memory and 128 bytes (note: bytes,...

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Schematic PERIPHERAL INTERFACE IN THE PROJECT OF PRESSURE MONITORING

As we know that the 8051 microcontroller has 4 ports. Sometimes when we want to interface more devices with microcontroller, these four ports becomes not sufficient and we feel requirement for more i/o lines. In this project we do the practice to increase the number of i/o lines or i/o ports of microcontroller 8051.The number of ports available...

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Schematic Analog to Digital Conversion process in Pressure Monitoring Project

Analog to Digital Conversion process in 8051 Microcontroller Based Pressure Monitoring Project:-The output of the pressure transducer is an analog signal .To interface with the microcontroller it is needed to change this signal in to digital value because the microcontroller and other digital devices works on the digital data . For this purpose...

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Schematic Designing pressure transducer

 Designing pressure transducer for the project of Monitoring Pressure in Process industry.As clear from the name, it is a device that that transforms the input pressure in to an electrical signal, which tells the magnitude of the input pressure and changes its value with the change in the input pressure.Pressure sensors can vary drastically in technology, design, performance, application suitability and cost. New pressure...

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Schematic Types of Pressure sensor and transducer

3. Pressure sensor and transducer3.1 Older ways to pressure measurement with Pressure gauges and switchesMechanical methods of measuring pressure have been known for centuries. U-tube manometers were among the first pressure indicators. Originally, these tubes were made of glass, and scales were added to them as needed. But manometers are...

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