Control Basic Lift Circuit (Four floors)

This is basic lift circuit. when press P1 push button lift starts to work 1st floor to 2 nd floor. Then after time duration it is automatically reach to 3 rd floor. And samething happen in 3rd floor & 4 th floor.

We can do it mannually also by using P2 , P3 , P4 , P5 , P6 .
P2 -:4 - 3 floor
P3 -: 3 - 4 floor
P4 -: 2 - 3 floor
P5 -: 3 - 2 floor
P6 -: 2 - 1 floor

read more "Control Basic Lift Circuit (Four floors)"

Control Operate the PLC - part 3

4.2.3.6. Advanced PLC Programming
a. Advanced instruction on Omron PLC
• INTERLOCK (IL) and INTERLOCK CLEAR (ILC)
These instructions can also be used to overcome the branching points encountered on the ladder diagrams. Instruction IL - ILC is always used together. Instruction interlock if the execution condition is OFF (all instructions between interlock and interlock clear will not be done). To activate IL press FUN 02 and ILC press FUN 03.

Figure 4.31. Ladder & mnemonic code for IL - ILC instruction on Omron PLC

• JUMP (JMP) and JUMP END (JME)
JUMP instruction (JMP), same as the interlock instructions, coupled with the JUMP END (JME). If the execution condition and a JUMP instruction is ON, the program worked normally as if nothing JUMP instruction. However, if the condition executed and a JUMP instruction is OFF, then execution of the program directly to the JUMP END instruction without making any changes in status between JUMP and JUMP END instruction. All JUMP and JUMP END instruction was given the number 01 to 99. This number is only used once, meaning that, in the ladder diagram can not exist JUMP numbers double or more and one, except for number 00. JUMP instruction is done with a certain number, then the execution will go directly to JUMP END with the same number. To activate JUMP press FUN 04 and JUMP END press FUN 05.

Figure 4.32. Ladder & mnemonic code for JMP - JME instruction on Omron PLC

• DIFFERENTIATE UP and DIFFERENTIATE DOWN
DIFU instruction used to enable bit operand instantaneous (only one cycle) during transition of the execution condition from OFF to ON. While DIFD instruction used for the same purpose with DIFU, only when there is a transition state of the execution from ON to OFF (reverse transition DIFU). To activate press DIFU FUN 13 and DIFD press FUN 14.

Figure 4.33. Ladder & mnemonic code for DIFU - DIFD instruction on Omron PLC

• KEEP
KEEP instruction is used to store the status of a bit operand based on two execution conditions. For this purpose, KEEP instruction is connected to two lines of instructions. The first instruction line is used to enable a operand bit, while the second instruction line is used to disable a operand bit , it will happen if conditions on the execution of instruction line associated is ON. To activate KEEP press FUN 11.

Figure 4.34. Ladder & mnemonic code for KEEP instruction on Omron PLC

• TIMER (TIM) & HIGH SPEED TIMER (TIM H)
The function of timer to operate contacts with time delay. The time setting of timer between 0 to 999.9 seconds (0-9999 scans). High Speed Timer (Tim H), to perform high speed timing, where the timing be between 0 to 99.99 seconds (0 scans - 999.9 scans) with increase of 0.1 scans. The number of timers that can be used up to 511. Do not give the same number on timer and High Speed Timer. To operate High Speed Timer press FUN 15.

Figure 4.35. Ladder & mnemonic code for TIMER on Omron PLC

• COUNTER (CNT)
counter is used for count the setting value (SV) towards 0 when the pulse counter (CP) changes from OFF to ON. After the counter value changes to 0 then the counter output status will change from OFF to ON and will persist as long as the reset button (R) has not been pressed. When the reset button is pressed, status of the output counter will be OFF and the counter value back to the original setting value. The number of counter that can be used up to 511. Do not give the same number on counter, timer and High Speed Timer.

Figure 4.36. Ladder & mnemonic code for COUNTER on Omron PLC

• SHIFT REGISTER (SFT)
Function of Shift Registers (SFT) is to shift the data by using the clock pulse. Data which can be shifted are IR, AR, HR, LR. Shift Registers has three inputs; data input (I), clock input (P) and reset (R). Data Input is used to enter data into location of data channel. Clock input is used to enter the clock to shift the data that has been incorporated into the input data through location of data channel . Reset input have function to create the initial conditions (0) all bits in the locations of data channel. The other is the initial of data lines (St) occupied bits start bit is shifted and the final of the data channel (E) which serves as the final borders of the bits are bits that are shifted. St must be greater or equal than E and must be on the same data area. To operate SFT press FUN 10.

Figure 4.37. Ladder & mnemonic code for SHIFT REGISTER on Omron PLC

• Move (MOV)
Move instruction is a function to move or transfer or to copy data from source (S) to destination (D). To operate MOV press FUN 21.

Figure 4.38. Ladder & mnemonic code for MOV on Omron PLC

• Compare (CMP)
Compare is an instruction to compare two pieces of data, the results can be> (greater) that will activate special relay 25505, = (equals) that will activate special relay 25506, < (smaller) that will activate special relay 25507. To operate CMP press FUN 20.

Figure 4.39. Ladder & mnemonic code for COMPARE on Omron PLC

• Clear carry / CLC (41)
Clear carry is used to reset carry (CY) that exist on the SR25504 to zero.

Figure 4.40. Ladder & mnemonic code for Clear carry on Omron PLC

• ADD (30)
have function to add three pieces of parameters: data 1 (Au), data 2 (Ad) and carry (CY), then the results are placed on data 3 (R). carry will be set to 1 if the sum is greater than 9999.

Figure 4.41. Ladder & mnemonic code for ADD on Omron PLC

• SUB (31)
have function to subtract three pieces of parameters: data 1 (Mi), data 2 (Su) and carry (CY), then the results are placed on data 3 (R). If the result is negative then carry will be set to 1.

Figure 4.42. Ladder & mnemonic code for SUBTRACT on Omron PLC

In addition to the above instructions are still many more other advanced instructions on Omron PLC, which you can learn in the operating manual for Omron PLC.




b. Advanced instruction on Siemen PLC
• JUMP
At Siemens PLC, the jump instruction beginning with JMP and ending with LBL. this is same as described in Omron PLC, the group of programs that will be controlled at between JMP at number (.n..) and LBL at number (.n..).

Figure 4.43. Ladder & mnemonic code JUMP on Siemen PLC

• Up-Down Differential
At Siemens PLC, the program instruction for Transition (Differential) is P (Positive Transition) and N (Negative Transition).

Figure 4.44. Ladder & mnemonic code Up-Down Differential on Siemen PLC

• TIMER
Timer pada PLC Siemens ada bermacam macam: TON, TOF, TONR.

Figure 4.45. Ladder & mnemonic code TIMER on Siemen PLC

• COUNTER
At Siemens PLC, the program instruction for counter is CTU, CTD, CTUD and others.

Figure 4.46S. Ladder & mnemonic code COUNTER on Siemen PLC

• MOVE and SWAP BYTES
MOVE on Siemens PLC are various kinds, among others: MOV_B, MOV_DW, MOV_W, MOV_R, and others. While SWAP BYTES used to exchange data, MSB to LSB in a Word data.

Figure 4.47. Ladder & mnemonic code MOVE and SWAP BYTES on Siemen PLC

• SHIFT REGISTER
Shift Register on Siemens PLC are various kinds, among others: SHL_B , SHL_W, SHL_DW, SHR_B, SHR_W, SHR_DW, and others.

Figure 4.47. Ladder & mnemonic code SHR_B on Siemen PLC

• COMPARE
Compare instruction at Siemens PLC have same principle with Omron PLC or another, this instruction will compare two value. Type of data being compared can be: Byte, Integer, Double Word, and real. While this type of comparison operation can be: IN1 = IN2, IN1>= IN2, IN1 <= IN2, IN1> IN2, IN1 <> IN2. Here is an example of the use of compare: value at location in VW4 compared with value at location in VW8, if VW4 >= VW8, then output state of Q0.3 will be ON.

Figure 4.47. Ladder & mnemonic code COMPARE on Siemen PLC

c. Advanced instruction on LG PLC
• interlock
At LG PLC, interlock code is MCS and MCSCLR.

Figure 4.48. Ladder & mnemonic code MCS and MCSCLRS on LG PLC

• JUMP
At LG PLC, Jump instruction begins with JMP and ending with JME.

Figure 4.48. Ladder & mnemonic code JUMP on LG PLC

• Up-Down Differential
At LG PLC, instruction for Transition or Differential is D and D Not.

Figure 4.49. Ladder & mnemonic code Differential on LG PLC

• TIMER
Timers on LG PLC, there are various, such as: TON, TOFF, TMR, TMON, and others.

Figure 4.50. Ladder & mnemonic code TIMER on LG PLC

• COUNTER
At LG PLC, instructions for Counter is CTU, CTD, CTUD, and CTR.

Figure 4.51. Ladder & mnemonic code COUNTER on LG PLC

• MoVe
At LG PLC, instructions for MoVe divided into several groups. For example, Move for data are MOV, MOVP, and DMOV. Then Move for complement are CMOV and CMOVP. Move for group are GMOV, MMOV, and others.

Figure 4.52. Ladder & mnemonic code MoVe on LG PLC

• SHIFT REGISTER
At LG PLC, instructions for the Shift Register there are many kinds, among others; SR, BSFT, BSFTP, WSFT, and WSFTP.

Figure 4.53. Ladder & mnemonic code SHIFT REGISTER on LG PLC

• Compare
At LG PLC, there are many kinds instructions for Compare, among others; LOAD <, LOAD =, LOAD >, AND <, AND =, AND>, OR <, OR =, OR >, CMP, CMPP, DCMP, DCMPP, and others. At CMP consists of two data, ie, S1 & S2. S1 as comparative data and S2 is data that will be compared.

Figure 4.54. Ladder & mnemonic code Compare on LG PLC

read more "Control Operate the PLC - part 3"

Control Modified Forward Reverse circuit

Difference in this circuit compare to Forward Reverse circit N/O push button used for Stop. PFR & overload are used for safety. Operation of the circuit as same as the Forward Reverse circit.

read more "Control Modified Forward Reverse circuit"

Control Operate the PLC - part 2

4.2.3.5. Basic PLC Programming
Globally, the programming language used on the PLC there are two, namely LADDER DIAGRAM and MNEMONIC CODE or STL (Statement List). But now, PLC already can programmed in five programming language.

• mnemonic codes
At the time of editing the PLC program using the Programming Console, we can not do it by using the Ladder diagram. The reason is because the average Programming Console display his view a little, so the screen is not sufficient to edit the ladder diagram and just enough to edit using STL or mnemonic code. So this is where we need to learn STL or mnemonic code. But there is also a Programming Console is specifically designed to be able to directly edit the program using ladder diagrams.

• Ladder diagram
Ladder diagram is used when we create a PLC program using the computer. Ladder diagrams are easier to understand than the mnemonic code. This is because the Ladder diagrams almost similar shape with the wiring diagrams. Grooves can be seen directly, without having to understand the many codes such as program code in mnemonic code.

STL and Ladder diagram on each brand of PLC has a different symbol, although its basic principles are the same.

Figure 4.7. Tools for PLC programming

Before we get to the ladder circuit we must first know the logic circuit wire / hard wire because of the appearance of ladder diagram logic comes from the wire / hard wire. Before the industrial revolution in 1960-1970 automation wire used in logic circuits where there are many weaknesses including pengkabelannya are so complicated, because each terminal is connected. To answer the challenge, Experts develop the PLC that can reduce using of wiring until 80%, which basically is a wire ladder logic diagram that moved into the software. Later we no longer assemble in hardware but in software.

Here is a variety of logic circuit wire / hard wire:


Here are some examples of conversion of electrical circuit diagrams to ladder diagrams are provided with the address.

Fg4.9g. Other forms of electrical circuit diagrams

Fg4.9h. Ladder diagrams of electrical circuits on Fg4.9g

a. Omron PLC Basic Instructions
• LOAD (LD) and LOAD NOT (LD NOT)
a prefix contacts at the bus bar. If at the prefix of the bus bar is the NO(normaly open) contacts, then the instruction is LOAD or LD. For the NC(normaly closed) contacts, then the instruction is LOAD NOT or LD NOT. See Figure 10.

Figure 4.10. Ladder and mnemonic code for a LD and LD NOT instruction on Omron PLC

• AND and AND NOT
the instruction for series connection in the ladder. For NO(normaly open) contacts, then the instruction is AND. For NC(normaly closed) contacts, then the instruction is AND NOT. See Figure 11.

Figure 4.11. Ladder and mnemonic code for an AND and AND NOT instruction on Omron PLC

• OR - OR NOT
The instruction for parallel connection in the ladder. For NO(normaly open) contacts, then the instruction is OR. For NC(normaly closed) contacts, then the instruction is OR NOT. See Figure 12.

Figure 4.12. Ladder and mnemonic code for an OR and OR NOT instruction on Omron PLC

• Combination of AND and OR
If in a programs contained serial and parallel relations in one set, then the ladder can be seen in Figure 13.

Figure 4.13. Ladder and mnemonic code for a combination AND & OR instruction on Omron PLC

• OUT-OUT NOT
the instruction for output or load, such as Relay, Contactor, Light, Buzzer, and others. If the output is NO(normaly open), then the instruction is OUT, but if the output is NC(normaly closed), then the instruction is OUT NOT. See Figure 14.

Figure 4.14. Ladder and mnemonic code for OUT & OUT NOT instruction on Omron PLC

• END
The instruction for the end of the program, if a program does not end with the END instruction code, the program will not be able to do (error). See Figure 15.

Figure 4.15. Ladder and mnemonic code for END instruction on Omron PLC

• AND LOAD
the union between a parallel connection which is connected into one, so if there are two parallel circuits are combined into one, then the instruction is AND LOAD. See Figure 16.

Figure 4.16. Ladder and mnemonic code for AND LD instruction on Omron PLC

• OR LOAD

the union between a series connection which is connected into one, so if there are two series circuits are combined into one, then the instruction is OR LOAD. See Figure 17.

Figure 4.17. Ladder and mnemonic code for OR LD instruction on Omron PLC

• Combining AND LD and OR LD
In a more complex case there is a combination of AND LD and OR LD are used together.

Figure 4.18. Ladder and mnemonic code in combination of AND LD and OR LD instruction

• Encoding of instruction for the multiple right side
If there is one or more instructions written on the right with the same execution condition, it must be encoded in a row following the last condition on the line instruction.

Figure 4.19. Ladder and mnemonic code for encoding of instruction for the multiple right side

• The instructions for the line of branching
If an instruction line must branched two or more, sometimes is necessary to use TR bits to keep the condition at the point of branching. TR area provides eight (8) bits, TR0 until the TR7, which can be used to temporarily store the execution condition at the branch point. TR-bit instruction is only used if we program the PLC with mnemonic codes.

Figure 4.20. Ladder and mnemonic code for the line of branching

b. Basic Instructions of Siemen PLC

• Series connection

Figure 4.21. Ladder and mnemonic code for series connection on Siemen PLC

• Parallel connection

Figure 4.22. Ladder and mnemonic code for parallel connection on Siemen PLC

• the union of parallel connection
Figure 4.23. Ladder and mnemonic code for the union of parallel connection on Siemen PLC

• the union of series connection

Figure 4.24. Ladder and mnemonic code for the union of series connection on Siemen PLC

b. Basic Instructions of LG PLC

• Prefix contact

Figure 4.25. Ladder and mnemonic code for prefix contact instruction on LG PLC

• Series connection

Figure 4.26. Ladder and mnemonic code for series connection instruction on LG PLC

• Parallel connection

Figure 4.27. Ladder and mnemonic code for parallel connection instruction on LG PLC

• the inverting instruction
NOT is the reverse order of conditions that should, from the whole process a sequence of courses. See Figure 28.

Figure 4.28. Ladder and mnemonic code for NOT instruction on LG PLC

• the union of series connection

Figure 4.29. Ladder and mnemonic code for the union of series connection on LG PLC

• the union of parallel connection

Figure 4.30. Ladder and mnemonic code for the union of parallel connection on LG PLC

read more "Control Operate the PLC - part 2"