Timer Circuit

Here are some fun counter chips in a timer circuit.

Inverter Circuits

Here are some good inverter circuits I fond they, oscillate at about 50 to 60Hz. They will probably handle up to about two amps any more and the will auto shut off.Have questions ask me leave your questions in the comment box or email me at ericgoodchild@yahoo.com

Light Seeking Robot

Now most people I now tell me that they can not find a good light seeking robot circuit, but I have a very easy to build simple circuit using a 556 duel timer.Now this robot works on the same principle as the 555 oscillator circuit I posted in an earlier post the only difference is that I swapped the 50k pot for 20k photo resistors. You can fiddle with the 220uf capacitors and the 470 resistors but they work the best. The robot should move about one inch a second towards the light for optimum performance, any faster it will miss the light any slower and you will get board real fast.If you have any question leave them in the comment box or email me at ericgoodchild@yahoo.com.

Simple 555 Timer Circuit

This is a simple 555 circuit perfect for osculating circuits if you wont the strobe slower swap the 220uf capacitors for some 1000uf capacitors and if you wont it faster try some 150uf capacitor and you can also change out R1 to, try 470 or 910 ohms and if you have any questions ask my by leaving your questions in the comment box or email me at ericgoodchild@yahoo.com

Robotic Arm Trainer Kit - requires assembly

Robotic Arm Edge Video
Video OWI has made robotic arm technology more affordable without compromising quality! Like its big brother the Robotic Arm Trainer, the Robotic Arm Edge lets kids command the gripper to open and close




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Robotic Arm Edge - Wire Controlled Kit (requires assembly)


Robotic Arm Edge Kit Description
Riding the wings of the award winning Robotic Arm Trainer, OWI has made robotic arm technology more affordable without compromising quality. With Robotic Arm Edge, command the gripper to open and close, wrist motion of 120 degrees, an extensive elbow range of 300 degrees, base rotation of 270 degrees, base motion of 180 degrees, vertical reach of 15 inches, horizontal reach of 12.6 inches, and lifting capacity of 100g. WOW! Some of the added features include a search light design on the gripper and a safety gear audible indicator is included on all five gear boxes to prevent any potential injury or gear breakage during operation. How does this equate to fun? Total command and visual manipulation using the 5s: five switch wired controller, five motors, and five joints. Night time play is possible and extended life on the gearbox to prolong your control and predictions of the robots behavior. SPECIFICATIONS: * Assembled Size : 9in x 6.3in x 15in * Unit Weight : 658g * Battery : 'D' size x4 (not included)


Robotic Arm Edge Kit Features
Riding the wings of the award winning Robotic Arm Trainer, OWI has made robotic arm technology more affordable without compromising quality.



ROBOT KIT: OWI-OO7 ROBOTIC ARM TRAINER VIDEO
Video OWI-007 Robotic Arm Trainer. The ROBOTIC ARM TRAINER teaches the basic robotic sensing and locomotion principles



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Elenco OWI-007 Robotic Arm Trainer kit (requires assembly)


Robotic Arm Trainer Kit Description
The ROBOTIC ARM TRAINER teaches the basic robotic sensing and locomotion principles, testing your motor skills, as you build and control the Arm. You can command this unit with it's five-switch, wired controller with corresponding lights to grab, release, lift, lower, rotate wrist and pilot sideways 350 degrees. After assembly, observe the dynamics of gear mechanisms through the transperent Arm. Five motors and five joints allow flexibility and fun! For educators and home schoolers. You will find the Robotics Technology Curriculum (optional) and Personal Computer Interface (optional) very useful tools. Specifications: Five Axes of motion: Base Right / Left 350 degrees Shoulder 120 degrees Elbow 135 degrees Wrist rotate CW & CCW 340 degrees Gripper Open & Close 50 mm (2 in)


Robotic Arm Trainer Features
- Base Right / Left 350 degrees
- Shoulder 120 degrees
- Elbow 135 degrees
- Wrist rotate CW & CCW 340 degrees
- Gripper Open & Close 50 mm (2 in)




OWI OWI-007 ROBOTIC ARM TRAINER KIT INTERMEDIATE EXPERIENCE


Robotic Arm Trainer kit Description
The ROBOTIC ARM TRAINER teaches the basic robotic sensing and locomotion principles, testing your motor skills, as you build and control the Arm. You can command this unit with it's five-switch, wired controller with corresponding lights to grab, release, lift, lower, rotate wrist and pilot sideways 350 degrees. After assembly, observe the dynamics of gear mechanisms through the transperent Arm. Five motors and five joints allow flexibility and fun! For educators and home schoolers. You will find the Robotics Technology Curriculum (optional) and Personal Computer Interface (optional) very useful tools. Five Axes of motion: Base Right / Left 350 degrees Shoulder 120 degrees Elbow 135 degrees Wrist rotate CW & CCW 340 degrees Gripper Open & Close 50 mm (2 in) Product Dimensions: Max Length Outwards = 360 mm (14.2 in) Max Height Upwards = 510 mm (20.1 in) Max Lifting Capability = 130g (4.6 oz.)


Robotic Arm Trainer Features
- Base Right / Left 350 degrees
- Shoulder 120 degrees
- Elbow 135 degrees
- Wrist rotate CW & CCW 340 degrees
- Gripper Open & Close 50 mm (2 in) Product Dimensions:

Schematic MIDI-Controlled Digital Synthesizer

4bitsynth is 4 bit MIDI-controlled digital synthesizer inspired by the NES. The project is built around Atmel AVR ATMega48 The digital output is put through an R-2R resistor ladder to get the analog waveform. It has three type output : Square wave, Triangle wave and noise.


Project Features Detail :

Triangle

• One volume (uses up/down counter)
• Pitch sweep (up/down, optional looping)
• Standard pitch bend
• Fine pitch bend

Square

• Three duty cycles: 12.5%, 25%, 50%
• Volume decay (optional looping)
• Pitch sweep (up/down, optional looping)
• Standard Pitch bend
• Fine pitch bend

Noise

• Two modes: 93-bit and 32k (think NES)
• Volume decay (optional looping)
• Pitch sweep (up/down, optional looping)
• Standard pitch bend
• Fine pitch bend

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Schematic Mini PSU for Breadboard

The purpose of the project is to create a 5V mini Power Supply Unit for breadboard. The project can be connected to 8-18 DC power source, or 9V battery. During construction, put the components in as tight as you can, while verifying that you can in fact complete the circuit on the underside of the board without adding any wires. The main component in this project is voltage regulator LM 7805.

To build this you need:

Some electronics skills. Soldering, knowing how to follow a circuit diagram etc..
1 voltage regulator LM 7805
1 10uF capacitor
1 1000uF capacitor (you can use any big electrolyte capacitor here, doesn't have to be exactly 1000uF)
1 100nF capacitor
1 LED for power on indication
1 resistor to take the voltage down from 5V to whatever your LED runs at
1 screw terminal for the input voltage
1 switch for input voltage on/off
1 perfboard, the type with copper eyes, not stripes
1 2-pin connector to plug the unit into the breadboard

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Control Motor Stepper and The Interface Connection

Control circuit for every motor type stepper has resemblance that is in the case of the activation. But which very differentiates is in the case of giving sequence of activation data every circumference at motor stepper. Motor stepper is electromotor that is not has commutes, where all the circumferences is part of stator. And at the rotor is only to be permanent magnet. All commutations every circumference must in control externally so that this stepper motor can be controlled causing can desist on course wanted or even rotary towards which at the opposite.

At this part will be studied about last part from motor drive train stepper. This circuit basically only to be switching current circuit flowing circumference at motor stepper. Giving sequence of data at this stepper motor can control direction of rotation from this stepper motor. Addition of velocities at motor stepper can be done by the way of increasing giving frequency of data at circuit switching current.

This control circuit later is not connected direct with circumference at motor, power supply circuit, and controlled circuit digitally in the end determines when circumference wanted in condition of OFF or on. Besides only applies transistor switching are, now have been available of driver motor that is of course is destined for motor stepper, more knowledgeable with H-Bridge. This component usually applied at motor stepper type bipolar, even though doesn't close possibility applied at motor stepper other type.

Driver Variable Circuit of Reluctance Motor figure;

In drawing upper the there is a 3 block where arranging each a motor bobbin stepper. The block consisted of current switches controlled digitally. This block plays important role in current controller which will pass certain motor bobbin. Controlling this block can be done by a simple digital network or even a computer through printer port. By using computer hence required software which later will arrange giving of data with a certain medley to switches component in block.

Bobbin at motor stepper has the same characteristic with other inductive load characteristic. On that account when there is current passing motor bobbin, cannot be killed at once without yielding a real transient tension height. This condition usually seems to be with incidence firework sprinkling (when using DC motor with big power). This thing hardly is not wanted by can destroy switches causing need to be given addition circuit to limit emerging transient tension. On the contrary when switch is closed hence there is current streaming into motor bobbin and will yield increase of tension slowly.

To limit tension spike is emerging hence there are two alternative of the solution is with parallel at motor bobbin with second diode and alternative is by using capacitor attached by parallel with motor bobbin stepper.

Figure 2;

Diode that is attached by the parallel must be able to overcome current back of happened when open switches. Diode applied cans be in the form of common diode is used like 1N4001 or 1N4002. If it is applied diode is having characteristic 'fast switch' hence need to be given addition of capacitor attached parallel at diode.

Installation of parallel capacitor with motor bobbin can cause spike generated will cause the capacitor charge so that tension spike happened will not go out but damped by this capacitor. But most importantly is this capacitor must be able to arrest surge current at the time of happened spike. Surge current is a real big abrupt current emerging in parallel with tension spike. Capacitor value must be selected at condition of where inductance value from biggest stepper motor bobbin. This is motor characteristic stepper with variable type reluctance where the inductance value is fickle is depended from the aspect of rotation at rotor axis. Addition of capacitor so that precise will form a resonance circuit which can cause improvement of torsion at motor type this.

Driver Uni-polar Permanent Magnet and Hybrid Motor Circuit figure;

Control Motor Controller Stepper Circuit Diagram

If control circuit of this driver motor in the form of microcontroller or digital component hence it is better that every port controlling network driver this stepper motor given buffer beforehand in order not to encumber port microcontroller applied. Like at picture 3, pin control_0, control_1, control_2 and this control_3 can be controlled digitally by using microcontroller by giving functioning component as buffer like at this picture:

Diagrams picture

At picture is only be presented one parts to control one fruit of motor bobbin stepper. There is two alternatives that is by using former buffer or applies FET, what has a real input impedance height, as the switches component. Tension V motor is not must always equal to tension VCC at microcontroller. On that account applied by a buffer component having output open collector so that the output earns in pull-up to tension wanted.

For election base of the transistor is at characteristic IC (collector current). This transistor must be transistor power capable to overcome current as according to current required by this stepper motor bobbin. If current pulled by motor bobbin stepper simply bigger than abilities of transistor hence transistor would quickly hot and can cause the breakdown the transistor.

R pull-up 470 will give current 10 mA to transistor bases Q1. If Q1 had gain 1000 hence current which can be via is around some amperes, depended from big of current pulled by stepper motor bobbin. This current have to be more be small from current IC enabled.

For component FET can be applied component IRL540 which can flow current to 20 Ampere and can arrest back tension until 100V. This thing because of by this FET can permeate tension spike without protection of diode. But this component requires heat sink which is big and must be good enough in the case of absorbs of the temperature. It is better if it is applied capacitor to depress level tension spike generated from transition of switches from on to OFF.

Control Signal generating clock

Evocation of this clock signal applies Astable Multivibrator circuit by using IC 555 as core circuit. this functioning Clock arranges rotation frequency of motor stepper. Output frequency excelsior from IC 555, rotation excelsior of motor stepper. So do on the contrary. Under this is drawing schematic diagrams from signal generating clock:

As which has been shown to picture is upper, output characteristic from this circuit is square wave continue with frequency and duty certain cycle. Level of frequency influenced by value R1, R2 and C3. If it is required to change value, we can change it is using component variable which certain is level causing can be changed at any times as according to our desire. While switches is upper applied to joint and drops the ball to the next circuit.

This attached if in a moment we to wish to stop motor stepper, so that enough opening connection rotation clock so desists. Signal clock which in the form of square wave continue functioned for input signal counter. this Circuit applies D Flip-flop as IC core in circuit. From motor input characteristic data stepper, obtained eight different conditions. To create it is required [by] 8 level of calculation signal, and after reaching storey to 8 will return to duck's egg. Eight different conditions obtained from representation with 3 data bit having combination of bit counted 8.

This is diagrams schematic of counter clock signal:

Control Bidirectional Port Parallel

In diagrams is upper presented by parallel port data register to apply family IC 74LS, even if now have been there is IC ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuits). Port non-bidirectional is to apply 74LS374. While port bidirectional uses bit control 5 interfaced to 74LS374 so that the output can be killed. At the time of parallel port we are set like that, data which we write to port parallel data register will not up to DB25 because 74LS374 in condition of doesn't send.

If parallel port didn't support mode bidirectional, we can enter in maximum 9 bit by one time. To do this we can apply 5 port line input Status and 4 input (open collector) from control port. With scheme like at diagrams circuit to status register bit functioned as 4 first MSB bit. Control register becomes 4 last LSB bit. Pin Busy is MSB from altogether and LSB 4 first bit is Select. For mode nibble, will be read 8 bit by using port parallel without changing it into modus back, mean not requiring setting of bit to 5 from control register. This mode was introduced by Hewlett Packard before IBM introduces parallel port which bidirectional.

Control Stack in Programming

Stack is a place to save a data to whereas with process saves and takes data to apply system LIFO. For example, register SS and SP makes reference to the place by writing down command SS:SP. The code causes register SS to become segment and register SP contains offset. There are some instruction using stack, between of it is POP and PUSH. PUSH can enter a value into stack and POP will take the value from stack. In processor 8086 measures stack is word (2byte = 16 bits). There is 2 stack register that is BP and SP Stack memory applies system LIFO (Last In First Out), mean data which we save is last will become first data which we release. While, the position of stack will be show by Stack Pointer (SP).

Following is figure stack memory:

Direct related command with stack this pointer is PUSH doing storage of data and POP doing data access. So, first data for PUSH will become last data when doing POP so do on the contrary. Instruction PUSH applied saving to a data to Stack. Example: 'PUSH AX' the function "takes data from tip of stack and enters the value to AX". We need to in view of we cannot give instruction 'PUSH AL' or 'PUSH BL' because AL and BL level of 1 byte (not 1 bit).

This is the example:

MOV AX, 1234H

PUSH AX

MOV AH, 09

INT 21H

POP AX

Terminal value from code is uppers to become 1234H. Other example from code is looking like code is upper is;

MOV AX, 1234H

MOV BX, 5678H

PUSH AX

PUSH BX

POP AX

POP BX

Result of code is upper is AX=5678H and BX=1234H. Initially value 1234H is entered, then 5678H put into Stack. In sequence at order LIFO, 5678H will be released in advance and hereinafter value 1234H released at the next sequence. Address memory applied for allocation stack is in address SS : SP ( Stack Segment : Stack Pointer).

Every instruction PUSH is done, address SS:SP filled in data which will be given PUSH into register, flag or memory (this thing is depend on instruction given), automatically SP is added 2. Change of SP counted 2 because data type kept in stack is word (2 byte).

Schematic RF and IR Remote Control

This PIC based remote control allow you to control up to 8 devices by this easy constructable remote control. The project very flexible you can use it as radio remote control or infrared remote control, depending on the components. Each device output can be configured to be momentary (turned on while you press the button) or latched. Latched outputs can be toggled on/off by one button per channel, or turned on and off by two buttons per channel.

tag : IR remote control, RF remote control, wireless project control

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